Generations of Computers

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Generations of Computers

1st Generation (1940 - 1953) : 
The technology behind the primary generation of computers was based on vacuum tubes. These computers were not reliable and used low-level programming languages.
Characteristics.Components
Electronic ComponentsVacuum Tube
LanguageLow Level Language
Input / OutputPunch Card, Paper Tape
MemoryMagnetic Tape, Magnetic Drum
Example : 
ENIAC, EDVAC (Founded by Von-Neuman)
2nd Generation (1955 - 1963) : 
It uses the technology of transistors rather than vacuum tubes. A transistor is a device composed of semiconductor material that amplifies signals or acts as an open or closed circuit.
Characteristics.Components
Electronic ComponentsTransistor
LanguageAssembly Language
Input / OutputPunch Card, Magnetic Tape
MemoryMagnetic Tape, Disk
Example : 
IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108
3rd Generation (1964 - 1972) : 
Third generation computers used integrated circuits (IC) instead of transistors. These ICs, which are composed of a variety of transistors on a silicon chip, significantly reduced the size of computers and increased memory space.
Characteristics.Components
Electronic ComponentsIC (Integrated Circuits)
LanguageHigh Level
Input / OutputKeyboard, Mouse
MemoryTape, Disk
Example : 
IBM 370, PDP-11, IBM System/360, UNIVAC 1108, Honeywell-6000, DEC series, and ICL 2900.
4th Generation (1975 - Present ) : 
In fourth generation computers, the main component was the microprocessor. A microprocessor contains a variety of integrated circuits, also known as large-scale integrated circuits (LSI). In this generation, it became possible to build a complete computer with a microprocessor and primary storage chips, leading to the development of personal computers.
Characteristics.Components
Electronic ComponentsMicroprocesses
LanguageHigh Level
Input / OutputKeyboard, Mouse, Printer, Floppy Disk, Joystick, etc.
MemoryRam, Rom, Floppy Disk, HDD
Example : 
IBM 1401, STAR 1000, & PC (Personal Computer)
5th Generation (Present - Feature) : 
In the fifth generation of computers, there was growth in computer network communication technology, e-commerce, etc. A vast ocean of information became available to the world. The World Wide Web has powerful servers, supercomputers, and notebook computers available. In the fifth generation, there is ultra-large-scale integration technology, which is called a microprocessor chip, having 10 million electronic components.
Characteristics.Components
Electronic ComponentsAI , Laptop, Mini-PC, etc.
LanguageHigh Level Language
Input / OutputKeyboard, Mouse, Floppy Disk, Printer, etc.
MemoryRam, Rom, HDD, SSD, etc.
Example : 
Param 1000, Intel P4, IBM laptops, notebooks, and PCs of Pentium

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