TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) :- The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model is a fundamental framework for computer networking. It consists of four layers, each with specific functions to ensure reliable communication over networks. Here’s a breakdown in simple language with examples:

1. Link Layer

Function: This layer is responsible for the physical connection between devices and the transfer of data over a physical medium. It includes protocols that operate on the physical and data link layers of the OSI model.

Example: Think of this layer as the actual cables and network interfaces that connect your computer to the internet.

2. Internet Layer

Function: This layer handles the logical addressing and routing of data packets. It ensures that data packets are sent from the source to the destination across multiple networks.

Example: Imagine this layer as the postal system that determines the best route for a letter to travel from one city to another.

3. Transport Layer

Function: This layer ensures reliable data transfer between devices. It manages error detection, data flow control, and data segmentation.

Example: Think of this layer as a delivery service that ensures your package (data) is delivered intact and in the correct order.

4. Application Layer

Function: This layer provides network services directly to end-users. It includes protocols that applications use to communicate over the network.

Example: Imagine this layer as the apps on your phone, like email or web browsers, that allow you to send and receive data.

Summary

  • Link Layer: Cables and network interfaces.
  • Internet Layer: Postal system for routing data.
  • Transport Layer: Delivery service ensuring data integrity.
  • Application Layer: Apps providing network services.

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